The place classical epidemiology has confirmed to be insufficient for surveillance and management of foodborne pathogens, molecular epidemiology, utilizing genomic typing strategies, can add worth. Nevertheless, the evaluation of entire genome sequencing (WGS) information varies extensively and isn’t but absolutely harmonised. We used genomic information on 494 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat meals merchandise and meals processing environments deposited within the pressure assortment of the German Nationwide Reference Laboratory to check varied procedures for WGS information evaluation and to judge compatibility of outcomes.
Two totally different core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) schemes, totally different reference genomes in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) evaluation and business in addition to open-source software program have been in contrast. Correlation of allele distances from the totally different cgMLST approaches was excessive, starting from 0.97 to 1, and unified thresholds yielded greater clustering concordance than scheme-specific thresholds. The variety of detected SNP variations might be elevated as much as an element of three.9 utilizing a selected reference genome in contrast with a normal one. Moreover, particular reference genomes improved comparability of SNP evaluation outcomes obtained utilizing totally different software program instruments. The usage of a closed or a draft particular reference genome didn’t make a distinction.
The harmonisation of WGS information evaluation will lastly assure seamless information alternate, however, within the meantime, data on threshold values that result in comparable clustering of isolates by totally different strategies might enhance communication between laboratories. We subsequently established a translation code between generally utilized cgMLST and SNP strategies primarily based on optimised clustering concordances. This code can work as a primary filter to establish WGS-based typing matches ensuing from totally different strategies, which opens up a brand new perspective for information alternate and thereby accelerates time-critical analyses, equivalent to in outbreak investigations.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Composite Polyethylene Supplies Bolstered with Neem and Turmeric
With the elevated scientific curiosity in inexperienced applied sciences, many researches have been centered on the production of polymeric composites containing naturally occurring reinforcing particles. Aside from rising mechanical properties, these additions can have a variety of attention-grabbing results, equivalent to rising the resistance to bacterial and fungal colonization.
On this work, totally different quantities of two totally different pure merchandise, specifically neem and turmeric, have been added to polyethylene to behave as a pure antibacterial and antifungal product for meals packaging purposes. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization confirmed that fractions of as much as 5% of those merchandise might be dispersed into low-molecular weight polyethylene, whereas greater quantities couldn’t be correctly dispersed and resulted in an inhomogeneous, fragile composite.
In vitro testing carried out withEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans confirmed a diminished proliferation of pathogens when in comparison with the polyethylene references. Particularly, turmeric resulted in being more practical in opposition to E. coli when in comparison with neem, whereas they’d comparable performances in opposition to S. aureus. In opposition to C. albicans, solely neem was in a position to present antifungal conduct, at excessive concentrations. Tensile testing confirmed that the addition of reinforcing particles diminished the mechanical properties of polyethylene, and within the case of turmeric, it was additional diminished by UV irradiation.
An Autism-Related Mutation Impairs Neuroligin-Four Glycosylation and Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons
Neuroligins (NLGNs) are a category of postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that work together with presynaptic Neurexins (NRXNs) and regulate synapse operate. Neuroligin-4 (NLGN4) is a member of the NLGN household and consists of a singular amino-acid sequence in people that isn’t evolutionarily well-conserved in rodents. The human-specific NLGN4 gene has been reported to be mutated in lots of sufferers with autism and different neurodevelopmental problems. Nevertheless, it remained unclear how these mutations may alter the molecular properties of NLGN4 and have an effect on synaptic transmission in human neurons. Right here, we describe a severely autistic male affected person carrying a single amino-acid substitution (R101Q) within the NLGN4 gene.
When expressed in HEK293 cells, the R101Q mutation in NLGN4 didn’t have an effect on its binding affinity for NRXNs or its capability to kind homodimers. This mutation, nevertheless, impaired the maturation of NLGN4 protein by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation at an adjoining residue (N102), which is conserved in all NLGNs. In consequence, the R101Q substitution considerably decreased the floor trafficking of NLGN4 and elevated its retention within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi equipment. In human neurons derived from male stem-cell traces, the R101Q mutation additionally equally diminished the synaptic localization of NLGN4, leading to a loss-of-function phenotype. This mutation-induced trafficking defect considerably diminished NLGN4’s potential to kind excitatory synapses and modulate their useful properties. Considered collectively, our findings recommend that the R101Q mutation is pathogenic for NLGN4 and might result in synaptic dysfunction in autism.
Triton X-100 |
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| GD6826-100ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 ml | EUR 52.8 |
Triton X-100 |
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| GD6826-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 74.4 |
Triton X-100 |
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| GD6826-250ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 ml | EUR 62.4 |
Triton X-100 |
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| GD6826-500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 ml | EUR 66 |
Triton X-100 |
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| GD6826-5L | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 l | EUR 170.4 |
Triton X-100 |
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| TB0198 | Bio Basic | 500ml | EUR 78.1 |
Triton® X-100 Detergent |
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| B2394-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 130.8 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE240 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 67.2 |
TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE241 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 79.2 |
Triton X-100, T-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol |
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| CH061 | ABM | 1L (2 x 500ml) | EUR 144 |
Triton X-100, T-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol |
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| CH062 | ABM | 4.0 L | EUR 192 |
Triton® X-100 Detergent |
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| B2394-1L | Biovision | each | EUR 314.4 |
Triton® X-100 Detergent |
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| B2394-500 | Biovision | each | EUR 235.2 |
Triton® X-100, MegaPure? Detergent, 10% Solution |
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| 2124-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 229.2 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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| GE1210-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 106.8 |
Urea, suitable for molecular biology |
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| GE1210-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 76.8 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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| T9100-100 | GenDepot | 1L | EUR 160.8 |
Triton® X-100 Solution (10% in H?O) |
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| 2104-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 164.4 |
SH-PEG-OH,100 |
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| 33-HE003002-100 | Biochempeg |
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Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound. |
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Sucrose, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology |
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| GC3201-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 90 |
Triton X-100, 10% solution in water |
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| GC7458-100ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 ml | EUR 55.2 |
Triton X-100, 10% solution in water |
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| GC7458-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 112.8 |
Triton X-100, 10% solution in water |
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| GC7458-250ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 ml | EUR 69.6 |
Triton X-100, 10% solution in water |
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| GC7458-500ML | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 ml | EUR 84 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE108 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 75.6 |
BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE109 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 108 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE114 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 66 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE115 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 157.2 |
CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE116 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 492 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE117 | GeneOn | 5 mg | EUR 72 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE118 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 159.6 |
DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE119 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 382.8 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE120 | GeneOn | 100 ml | EUR 66 |
Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE121 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 110.4 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE131 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 93.6 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE132 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 133.2 |
DTT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE133 | GeneOn | 25 g | EUR 243.6 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE158 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE159 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 228 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE171 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 98.4 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE172 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 268.8 |
HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE173 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 424.8 |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE188 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 70.8 |
Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE189 | GeneOn | 10 g | EUR 247.2 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE196 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 72 |
NAD (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE197 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 165.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE209 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 123.6 |
NBT (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE210 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 360 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE237 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 106.8 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE238 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Tris (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE239 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 535.2 |
Tween20 (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE242 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 106.8 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE243 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 62.4 |
Water (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE244 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 67.2 |
100mL Molecular Biology Grade |
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| 46-000-CI | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 70.68 |
500mL Molecular Biology Grade |
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| 46-000-CV | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 124.26 |
Agarose LE, Ultra-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 100 g |
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| 41028-100G | Biotium | 100G | EUR 266.4 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 100G |
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Triton® X-100, MegaPure? Detergent, 10% Solution |
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| 2124-1000 | Biovision | each | Ask for price |
Triton® X-100, MegaPure? Detergent, 10% Solution |
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| 2124-50 | Biovision | each | EUR 164.4 |
Triton® X-100, MegaPure? Detergent, 10% Solution |
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| 2124-500 | Biovision | each | EUR 823.2 |
Triton® X-100, MegaPure? Detergent, 10% Solution |
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| 2124-set | Biovision | each | EUR 210 |
Triton X-114 |
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| TDB0554 | Bio Basic | 500ml | EUR 78.53 |
Triton X-405 |
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| TS4449 | Bio Basic | 100ml | EUR 86.1 |
Triton ® X-114 (10%) Solution |
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| B1015-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 151.2 |
Water, Ultrapure Molecular Biology Grade |
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| 41024-4L | Biotium | 4L | EUR 145.2 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 4L |
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Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE105 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 55.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE106 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE107 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE110 | GeneOn | 50 g | EUR 94.8 |
Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE111 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 259.2 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE145 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 87.6 |
Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE146 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 120 |
Glycerol 87 % (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE154 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 93.6 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE155 | GeneOn | 500 ml | EUR 78 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE156 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 102 |
Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE157 | GeneOn | 2.5 l | EUR 170.4 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE160 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 93.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE161 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 153.6 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE162 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 232.8 |
Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE163 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 352.8 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE164 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 86.4 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE165 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 192 |
Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE166 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 307.2 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE167 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE168 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 181.2 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE194 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 102 |
MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE195 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 169.2 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE205 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 62.4 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE206 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 70.8 |
Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE207 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 123.6 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE224 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 67.2 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE225 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 84 |
D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE226 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 207.6 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE234 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 99.6 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE235 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 144 |
Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE236 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 223.2 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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| T9100-010 | GenDepot | 100ml | EUR 86.4 |
Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade |
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| T9100-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 133.2 |
1L Molecular Biology Grade Water |
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| 46-000-CM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | EUR 177.84 |
Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology |
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| GK8512-1L | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 l | EUR 92.4 |
Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology |
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| GE6258-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 217.2 |
Phenol, (Carbolic acid) Double distilled for Molecular Biology |
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| PD0252 | Bio Basic | 500g | EUR 192.59 |
5xRIPA Buffer IV with Triton-X-100 (pH 7.4) 5xconcentrate |
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| RB4478 | Bio Basic | 500ml | EUR 86.1 |
EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE135 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 72 |
EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE136 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 86.4 |
EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE137 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 124.8 |
EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE138 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 418.8 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE148 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 67.2 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE149 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 75.6 |
D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE150 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 180 |
Yeast extract powder (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE169 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 133.2 |
Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE174 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 232.8 |
Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE175 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 920.4 |
Magnesium acetate - Tetrahydrate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE190 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 98.4 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE198 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 91.2 |
NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE199 | GeneOn | 5 g | EUR 244.8 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE200 | GeneOn | 250 mg | EUR 92.4 |
NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE201 | GeneOn | 1 g | EUR 190.8 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE202 | GeneOn | 25 mg | EUR 70.8 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE203 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 126 |
NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE204 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 374.4 |
SSC Buffer (20X) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE229 | GeneOn | 1 l | EUR 86.4 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE250 | GeneOn | 100 mg | EUR 208.8 |
XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE251 | GeneOn | 500 mg | EUR 612 |
AGAROSE LE, LOW EEO, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 100G PER UNIT |
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| AGR-LE-100 | CORNING | 1/pk | EUR 201.6 |
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Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose |
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Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE100 | GeneOn | 50 g | EUR 128.4 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE101 | GeneOn | 100 g | EUR 193.2 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE102 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 387.6 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE103 | GeneOn | 500 g | EUR 656.4 |
Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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| CE104 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 1162.8 |
Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade |
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| 18-193 | Genesee Scientific | 100ml/Unit | EUR 268 |
Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade |
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| 18-194 | Genesee Scientific | 500ml/Unit | EUR 294 |
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA number of single amino-acid substitutions in X-linked NLGN4 (NLGN4X) gene have been recognized in autistic sufferers. Nevertheless, it remained unclear how these point-mutations may have an effect on NLGN4 properties and affect synapse operate in people. Right here, we analyzed the mechanisms of an autism-associated R101Q variant in NLGN4. We exhibit that this mutation can straight impair NLGN4’s post-translational modification (PTM) by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation. These immaturely glycosylated merchandise exhibit categorical deficits in floor trafficking and synaptic localization, and thus symbolize a loss-of-function phenotype.