Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underpinning biorecognition

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Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underpinning biorecognition of early-glycated human serum albumin and receptor for advanced glycation end products.

Serum levels of early-glycated albumin are significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus and may play a role in worsening inflammatory status and sustaining diabetes-related complications. To investigate possible pathological recognition involving early-glycated albumin and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), an early-glycated human serum albumin (HSAgly), with a glycation pattern representative of the glycated HSA form abundant in diabetic patients, and the recombinant human RAGE ectodomain (VC1) were used.
  • Biorecognition between the two interactants was investigated by combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (affinity-MS) for peptide extraction and identification.
  • SPR analysis proved early-glycated albumin could interact with the RAGE ectodomain with a steady-state affinity constant of 6.05 ± 0.96 × 10-7 M. Such interaction was shown to be specific, as confirmed by a displacement assay with chondroitin sulfate, a known RAGE binder. Affinity-MS studies were performed to map the surface area involved in the recognition. These studies highlighted that a region surrounding Lys525 and part of subdomain IA were involved in VC1 recognition.
  • Finally, an in silico analysis highlighted (i) a key role for glycation at Lys525 (the most commonly glycated residue in HSA in diabetic patients) through a triggering mechanism similar to that previously observed for AGEs or advanced lipoxidation end products and (ii) a stabilizing role for subdomain IA.
  • Albeit a moderate affinity for complex formation, the high plasma levels of early-glycated albumin and high percentage of glycation at Lys525 in diabetic patients make this interaction of possible pathological relevance.
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Goat IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry) (isotype control)

20011-100 100 test
EUR 123.6

Control/Blocking peptide for Human WNT5a

WNT511-P 100 ug
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BSA Control for Age-BSA

2221-BSA each
EUR 210

BSA Control for AGE-BSA

35R-AA007 10 mg
EUR 268.8
Description: BSA Control for AGE protein (BSA modified), Cat No. 30R-AA007

Rec. Human CD21 protein control for WB

CD21-C 100 ul
EUR 343.2

Control/Blocking peptide for Human WNT-1

WNT111-P 100 ug
EUR 548.4

Flow Control Fitting for Flypad

FLY1254 EACH
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Control for ER, 4 cases (1.5mm)

ERC081 1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 4 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, weak/nil estrogen receptor (ER) expressers in duplicates

Control for PR, 3 cases (1.5mm)

PRC061 1
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Description: IHC control array containing 3 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, low/negative progesterone receptor (PR) expressers in duplicates

Flow Control Fitting for Blowgun

FLY1252 EACH
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Purified, Human S100 protein control for WB

S1002-C 100 ul
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Deer IgG, semi-pure for ELISA (Control, non-immune, isotype control)

20024-2 100 ug
EUR 270

Control for DOG1, 3 cases (1.5mm)

DOG1061 1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 3 GIST cases of strong, moderate, weak/nil DOG1 expressers in duplicates

Control for HER2, 4 cases (1.5mm)

HRC081 1
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Description: IHC control array containing 4 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, low and negative HER2 breast cancer expressers in duplicates

Control for Ckit, 6 samples (1.5mm)

CKIT061 1
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Description: Gastrointestinal stroma tumors, 6 cores, 3 cases in duplicates showing strong, moderate and no expression of cKit molecule.

Human Apolipoprotein B protein control for WB

APOB21-C 100 ul
EUR 343.2

Human Pancreatic Amylase protein control for Western blot

PAMY13-C 100 ul
EUR 343.2

Haptoglobin Human Plasma protein control for WB

HGLB18-C 100 ul
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Human Hemopexin purified protein control for Western

HPEX11-C 100 ul
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Human Native Retinol binding protein (RBP) control for Western

RBP41-C 100 ul
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Human Apolipoprotein C-I protein control for WB

APOC11-C 100 ul
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Purified Human Survivin protein for WB +ve control

SURV11-C 100 ul
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Human Apolipoprotein C-II protein control for WB

APOC22-C 100 ul
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SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor

HY-P0301 1mg
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Human Apolipoprotein C-III protein control for WB

APOC32-C 100 ul
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Purified human Catalase (CATL) protein control for WB

CATL11-C 100 ul
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PAS/Glycogen, For Digestion (Control Slides)

TCS0024-100 100 Slides
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PAS/Glycogen, For Digestion (Control Slides)

TCS0024-25 25 Slides
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PAS/Glycogen, For Digestion (Control Slides)

TCS0024-5 5 Slides
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Human plasma Apolipoprotein E protein control for WB

APOE13-C 100 ul
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Human Plasma Apolipoprotein J protein control for WB

APOJ13-C 100 ul
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Thiostatin Rat protein, control for western

TSTN11-C 100 ul
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Human Salivary Amylase protein positive control for WB

SAMY16-C 100 ul
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Purified, recombinant Human TACE control protein for WB

TACE11-C 100 ul
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Mouse IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry)

20008-1-100 100 tests
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Human Angiopoietin 4 (Ang-4) protein control for WB

ANG41-C 100 ul
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Human Prothrombin (Factor II) protein control for Western

PRTN11-C 100 ul
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Rabbit IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry)

20009-1-100 100 tests
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Recombinant (CHO) human DNAse I Protein control for WB

DNASE12-C 100 ul
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Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP3A Antibody

P3ACON 100 uL
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NATtrol Respiratory Panel 2 (RP2) Controls (Ea)

NATRPC2-BIO Ea
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Purified Human Neutrophil Elastase protein control for WB

ESTE11-C 100 ul
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Purified Human C-Reactive Protein (CRP) control for WB

CRP12-C 100 ul
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Troponin-T, Human Cardiac, pure protein control for WB

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Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP1B1 Antibody

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Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP2E1 Antibody

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Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP1A2 Antibody

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Control Sections for FD NeuroSilver™ Kit

PCS101 each
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Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals

V8785-100UG 100ug
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Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals

V8785-20UG 20ug
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Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals

V8785SAF-100UG 100ug
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Description: To serve as a true negative control for various procedures, this monoclonal IgG should be used under the identical conditions and at the same dilution as the rabbit monoclonal antibody being used for a positive reaction.

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (A1AT), Human protein control for WB

A1AT11-C 100 ul
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SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor(TFA)

HY-P0301A 5mg
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Purified, Bovine S100 protein control for WB

S1001-C 100 ul
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Alpha 2-Macroglobulin (A2M), Human protein control for WB

A2MG11-C 100 ul
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Positive Control for Anti-Rat MEH Antibody

MEHCON 100 uL
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Myoglobin, Human Cardiac, purified protein control for western

MYG17-C 100 ul
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Apolipoprotein A-Il, Human Plasma protein control for WB

APOA21-C 100 ul
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Human recombinant purified BMP-1 protein control for WB

BMP12-C 100 ul
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Human Liver Cathepsin B protein control for Western blot

CTHB11-C 100 ul
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Human Liver Cathepsin D protein control for Western blot

CTHD11-C 100 ul
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Human Liver Cathepsin G protein control for Western blot

CTHG11-C 100 ul
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Human Liver Cathepsin H protein control for Western blot

CTHH11-C 100 ul
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Human Liver Cathepsin L protein control for Western blot

CTHL11-C 100 ul
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Human IgG1 Control

HY-P9900 5mg
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ELISA kit for Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A)

KTE60280-48T 48T
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Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

ELISA kit for Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A)

KTE60280-5platesof96wells 5 plates of 96 wells
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Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

ELISA kit for Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A)

KTE60280-96T 96T
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Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Cell cycle control protein 50A (TMEM30A) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Human Pentraxin 3 (PTX3/TSG-14) protein control for WB

PTX33-C 100 ul
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Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2C Antibody

P2CCON 100 uL
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Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2D Antibody

P2DCON 100 uL
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Recombinant human BAFF-R protein control for Western blot

BAFFR11-C 100 ul
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Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2B1 Antibody

P2B1PTCON 100 uL
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Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP3A2 Antibody

P3A2PTCON 100 uL
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Control/Blocking peptide for Mouse Vimentin (Vim)

VIM11-C 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Human IgG1 Capture Beads for Flow Detection (Negative control)

IGG1CB-25 25 test
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NATtrol Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) Controls (12 x 0.3mL)

NATRPC2.1-BIO 12 x 0.3mL
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Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for

NG903 7 ml
EUR 195
Description: Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Ready-To-Use

Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for

NG903C 1 ml
EUR 275
Description: Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Concentrate; Minimum 1:50 dilution

Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for

NG906 7 ml
EUR 265
Description: Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Ready-To-Use

Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for

NG906C 1 ml
EUR 295
Description: Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Concentrate

Purified Human Serum amyloid A (SAA) Protein control for WB

SAA11-C 100 ul
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Purified Human Serum amyloid P (SAP) Protein control for WB

SAP11-C 100 ul
EUR 343.2

Eppendorf Centrifuge 5430R Knob Control Refrigerated- IVD Only

E5428000465 EACH
EUR 8115.6

Purified Human serum albumin protein control for Western blot

ALBH13-C 100 ul
EUR 343.2

Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Product Vibrational Spectral Analysis for the Reactions of NO2 with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide (EMIM+DCA-), 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Dicyanamide (BMIM+DCA-) and 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Dicyanamide (AMIM+DCA-).

Direct dynamics trajectory simulations were carried out for the NO2 oxidation of EMIM+DCA, which were aimed at probing the nature of the primary and secondary reactions in the system.
Guided by trajectory results, reaction coordinates and potential energy diagrams were mapped out for NO2 with EMIM+DCA as well as with its analogues BMIM+DCA and AMIM+DCA. Reactions of the dialkylimidazolium-DCA ILs are all initiated by proton transfer and/or alkyl abstraction between 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations and DCA anion, of which two exoergic pathways are particularly relevant to their oxidation activities.
One pathway is the transfer of a Hβ-proton from the ethyl, butyl or allyl group of the dialkylimidazolium cation to DCA that results in concomitant elimination of the corresponding alkyl as a neutral alkene, and the other pathway is SN2-alkyl abstraction by DCA. The intra-ion-pair reaction products, including [dialkylimidazolium – HC2+], alkylimidazole, alkene, alkyl-DCA, HDCA and DCA, react with NO2 and favor formation of nitrite (-ONO) complexes over nitro (-NO2) complexes, albeit the two complex structures have similar formation energies.
  • The exoergic intra-ion-pair reactions in the dialkylimidazolium-DCA ILs account for their significantly higher oxidation activities over the previously reported 1-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium dicyanamide [Liu, J.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2019, 123, 2956], and for the relatively higher reactivity of BMIM+DCA versus AMIM+DCA as BMIM+ has a higher reaction path degeneracy for intra-ion-pair Hβ-proton transfer and its Hβ-transfer is more energetically favorable.
  • To validate and directly compare our computational results with spectral measurements in the ILs, infrared and Raman spectra of BMIM+DCA and AMIM+DCA and their products with NO2 were calculated using an ionic liquid solvation model. The simulated spectra reproduced all of the vibrational frequencies detected in the reactions of BMIM+DCA and AMIM+DCA IL droplets with NO2 [as reported by Brotton, S. J.; et al. J Phys. Chem. A, 2018, 122, 7351; and Lucas, M.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2019, 123, 400].

450ML PBS 10X

NAT1006 450ML
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4L PBS 10X

NAT1008 4L
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ProtoGlow ECL 200ml Kit

NAT1010 EACH
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ProtoGlow ECL 500ml Kit

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NAT1016 500G
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NAT1028 100G
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25G AquaPor LM

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NAT1032 100G
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25G AquaPor HR

NAT1034 25G
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100G AquaPor HR

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25G AquaPor 3:1

NAT1038 25G
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100G AquaPor 3:1

NAT1040 100G
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25G Bis (Methylene Bis-Acrylamide)

NAT1042 25G
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25G DATD Ultrapure

NAT1044 25G
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250G Glycine

NAT1046 250G
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1KG Glycine Ultrapure

NAT1048 1KG
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250G Tris

NAT1050 250G
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1KG Tris Ultrapure

NAT1052 1KG
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100G Tricine

NAT1054 100G
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100G Ion Exchange Resin (mixed bed)

NAT1056 100G
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25G Riboflavin

NAT1058 25G
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25ML TEMED

NAT1060 25ML
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25G Ammonium Persulfate

NAT1062 25G
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100G Ammonium Persulfate

NAT1064 100G
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1G Dithiothreitol (DTT)

NAT1066 1G
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5G Dithiothreitol (DTT)

NAT1068 5G
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50ML 2-Mercaptoethanol

NAT1070 50ML
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100G SDS Ultrapure

NAT1072 100G
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1KG SDS Ultrapure

NAT1074 1KG
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250G Urea

NAT1076 250G
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1KG Urea

NAT1078 1KG
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450ML Glycerol Ultrapure

NAT1080 450ML
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200ML Tween 20 Ultrapure

NAT1082 200ML
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1L Tween 20

NAT1084 1L
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200ML Formamide

NAT1086 200ML
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500ML Boric Acid

NAT1088 500ML
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100G EDTA

NAT1090 100G
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NAT1092 500G
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GelDry Film 11 X 12 cm

NAT1094 PK50
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25ML Formamide CE

NAT1096 25ML Ask for price

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NAT1098 25ML
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NAT1100 450ML
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GelDry Film 22.5 X 22.5 cm

NAT1102 PK50
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1L DEPC Treated Water

NAT1104 1L
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Sterling Rapid Silver Stain Kit

NAT1106 1KIT
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1L ProtoBlue Safe

NAT1108 1L
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4L ProtoBlue Safe

NAT1110 4L
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1L ProtoStain Blue

NAT1112 1L
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25ML Nuclistain

NAT1114 25ML
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450ML AcrylaGel 30%

NAT1116 450ML
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1L AcrylaGel 30%

NAT1118 1L
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450ML Bis-AcrylaGel 2%

NAT1120 450ML
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1L Bis-AcrylaGel 2%

NAT1122 1L
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450ML UreaGel 29:1 Concentrate

NAT1124 450ML
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1L UreaGel 29:1 Concentrate

NAT1126 1L
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UreaGel 29:1 System 1L Kit

NAT1128 EACH
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UreaGel 29:1 System 2.2L Kit

NAT1130 EACH
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450ML SequaGel UreaGel Concentrate

NAT1132 450ML
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1L SequaGel UreaGel Concentrate

NAT1134 1L
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SequaGel Sequencing System 1L Kit

NAT1136 1KIT
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SequaGel Sequencing System 2.2L Kit

NAT1138 EACH
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100ML SequaGel Buffer

NAT1140 100ML
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200ML SequaGel UreaGel Buffer

NAT1142 200ML
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450ML SequaGel UreaGel-6

NAT1144 450ML
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1L SequaGel UreaGel-6

NAT1146 1L
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450ML SequaGel UreaGel-8

NAT1148 450ML
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1L SequaGel UreaGel-8

NAT1150 1L
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450ML SequaGel UreaGel Diluent

NAT1152 450ML
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1L SequaGel UreaGel Diluent

NAT1154 1L
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90ML SequaGel Complete Buffer

NAT1156 90ML
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200ML SequaGel UreaGel Complete Buffer

NAT1158 200ML
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450ML SequaGel XR

NAT1160 450ML
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NAT1162 1L
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NAT1164 100ML
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NAT1166 450ML
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200ML SequaGel MD Monomer Solution

NAT1168 200ML
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SequaGel MD SSCP Kit

NAT1170 1KIT
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SequaGel MD Heteroduplex Kit

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1.2ML SequaGel MD SSCP Stop Solution

NAT1174 1.2ML
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450ML AccuGel 19:1 (30%)

NAT1176 450ML
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NAT1178 1L
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NAT1180 450ML
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NAT1182 1L
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450ML AccuGel 29:1 (30%)

NAT1184 450ML
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NAT1186 1L
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